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<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Folks:<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I’ve been
reading this thread very carefully.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>I still get confused as to what is legal, but I think I’m learning the
difference between right and wrong – another of life’s little lessons.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>My
confusion in the legal stuff is in #3 below:<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>the photographer can go after someone if “</span></font></span><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>he has registered the photo for copyright
with the U.S. Copyright Office.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>How
many people take that step for all their photography?<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>Or is there a “blanket” protection that one can acquire.</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>As to the right and wrong, I won’t do it without
permission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But I also have a
concern about postings that I obtained permission for.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I put Fred’s picture on my web site and
someone copies it and posts it on another site without permission.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Then another and another.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Pretty soon Fred is spending his
retirement years chasing people who are using his hard earned pictures without
permission and I feel responsible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>I say “hard earned” with respect and appreciation of what you went
through to get those pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So I
have a thought; would it help if I “imprinted” the owners name on the photos
before posting them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Similar to
what Jerry Appleman does -- </span></font><a
href="http://davesrailpix.railfan.net/pitts/htm/pitt645.htm">http://davesrailpix.railfan.net/pitts/htm/pitt645.htm</a><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>. That way if someone copies it they have
to take the credits also.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Or does
that destroy the artistic value?</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>I think that on my web I’ll be sure to get
permission and give credit for all the photos I post.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>If I find them other places on the web I’ll point to them
and give as much credit as possible.</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Thanks.</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Bob Dietrich</span></font><span
class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Fred W. Schneider III
[mailto:fschnei@supernet.com]<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, July 05, 2000
6:29 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
pittsburgh-railways@dementia.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: Photo Ownership -
legal questions</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;font-weight:
bold'>THANKS VERY MUCH, BOB. THIS IS ONE TO FILE.</span></font></b><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:.5in'><b><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'>FRED.</span></font></b><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>brathke@juno.com wrote: </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:.5in;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I have received an opinion from my
attorney friend, who specializes in <br>
intellectual property and Internet law, and her comments are reprinted <br>
below. </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Bob 7/4 </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>-----------------------------------------------------------
</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Online
copyright infringement is the source of lots of new law. I'll try <br>
to address your questions one at a time: </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>1.
If you took a photograph, you obviously have all the rights of the <br>
copyright owner--to reproduce, sell, publish, etc. If you "bought
the <br>
rights to it," what you are allowed to do with it will depend on which <br>
rights are spelled out in the agreement under which you bought it. If <br>
it's not specified in the agreement how the photo is to be used, it is <br>
not generally safe to assume that you can do everything you want with it. <br>
The best course of action is to discuss it with the copyright owner, or <br>
better yet, have it spelled out in the agreement. Having purchased the <br>
rights to a photo does NOT give you the right to give permission to <br>
someone else to use it, on the web or otherwise. It is the copyright <br>
owner's exclusive right to give permission to use the copyrighted photo. </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>You are right
that a photo should not go on the web without the <br>
photographer's permission. If there is no photographer's name on the <br>
photo and it is very old (50+ years), it MAY be in the public domain and <br>
probably would be okay to use with a credit to the person from whose <br>
collection it came. If the photo is not that old but has no <br>
photographer's name on it, a similar attempt at credit is a good thing to <br>
do. </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>2.
The person "publishing" the photo--i.e., the website owner--has the <br>
responsibility to assure that whatever he publishes is not violating any <br>
other's rights under copyright law. </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>3.
If a photographer sees his photo in an unauthorized use on a website <br>
and he has registered the photo for copyright with the U.S. Copyright <br>
Office, he typically would send a letter asking the website to cease and <br>
desist from using the photo. If the request to remove isn't successful, <br>
he can sue in a federal court for up to $10,000 per infringing use (or <br>
the profit gained from the unauthorized use, whichever is greater), plus <br>
costs and attorney's fees to file suit, plus enjoin any further use and <br>
request a court order for the destruction/termination of any infringing <br>
uses. If he didn't register the photo with the Copyright Office but just <br>
put the (c) symbol or notice on the photo, he can still enjoin further <br>
use and request a court order for the destruction/termination of any <br>
infringing uses, but can't get any money damages. </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>4.
Placing the copyright symbol on a photo DOES give the photo some legal <br>
protection. It puts the world on notice that the photographer owns the <br>
rights in that photo, and that if they use it without authorization, he <br>
has the rights of a copyright owner. This is true for websites, too. <br>
The law does not require that you actually register with the Copyright <br>
Office to claim exclusive rights to a copyrighted work--and gives you the <br>
right to stop infringing uses. Registration lets you claim those rights <br>
AND sue in federal court AND get money damages and attorney's fees. This <br>
is as true for websites as it is for any other copyright-able work, such <br>
as a photo, book, painting, sculpture, etc. </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>5.
After the photo is scanned and uploaded, the photo with the copyright <br>
line no longer at hand, you really should make SURE that the information <br>
on that copyright line somehow follows the picture attached as a caption. <br>
If the copyright owner can show that it's his photo that was used <br>
without permission, and that copyright line (called "Copyright Management <br>
Information") is not included, the infringing use could fall under the <br>
new No Electronic Theft Act, which provides additional money damages and <br>
criminal prison terms(1-6 years) for online copyright infringement. </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Hope this
answers more questions than it raises, Bob. If you do have any <br>
other questions, please feel free to e-mail me. And if there's anything <br>
else I can do for you, please let me know. </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>-------------------------------------------------------------
</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>On Wed, 28
Jun 2000, Dietrich, Robert J. wrote: </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Dave has
already given me permission to use anything on his site but I <br>
realize he <br>
doesn't always obtain proper permission. So what should I do? </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>------- <br>
There's a difference between what may be the "legal thing" (as
contrary <br>
to <br>
threats which have been made by company lawyers when they didn't <br>
like the way something had been linked to, there's no case law on this <br>
yet <br>
that I can find or that's been cited) and what may be the "right
thing", <br>
which <br>
you'll have to decide. Intellectual property battles can get nasty so I <br>
try to stay away from the whole deal altogether, generally making <br>
available stuff which is directly mine, but also now old documents from <br>
expired companies. I suppose it's possible someone owns rights to <br>
PRCo and PRR documents, but I'm not going to worry about it for now. <br>
------------ </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-right:.5in;margin-left:1.0in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>________________________________________________________________
<br>
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