[PRCo] Re: Backing interurban cars

Fred Schneider fwschneider at comcast.net
Sat May 10 21:05:09 EDT 2008


Probably each state had it's own legislation or orders requiring (or  
ignoring) safety appliances.   In Pennsylvania the order required  
that all cars operated by one-man required safety appliances by the  
close of the calendar year 1938.   I have never read the order.   I  
believe it was not a legislative edict but rather a general order  
from the Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission, and if that were  
be so, it would have no affect at all today because the PUC has no  
jurisdiction over public agencies.

Dick Steinmetz, who lived in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, and survived  
well into his 90s in the 1980s, had labored for Valley Railways in  
1938 installing deadman equipment on their older cars so they could  
legally continue to run them.

I suspect that there was a very large market in the 1930s in  
emergency valves, deadman-heads for controllers, and air solenoids to  
kick off canopy switches, and that a lot of time was spent installing  
new piping on cars.   Because most of the odd equipment didn't  
survive, we don't know how companies rebuilt the old cars.   The  
1920s cars, for the most part, already had deadman controls.   
Manufacturers simply built them that way.   The older stuff was not  
around when museums were being built, except places like Branford and  
Seashore.   So we don't know ... do we ... what happened in  
Pennsylvania?

I some cases we simply did nothing.   Conestoga Transportation  
Company, in Lancaster, Pa., had a group of World War I era steel cars  
with remote control that were scrapped before World War II.  The kept  
cars 54, 63 and 64 that had K-35 controllers until final abandonment  
in 1937.   The average bloke might conclude that the didn't like the  
HL or PC controls on 55-62 (I forget which).  That might be true.    
But what was also true is that they had spent the money to apply  
safety appliance to 54, 63 and 64 and not to the remote control  
cars.  So when 1939 dawned, they could only run those other cars if  
they put a second man on them.   They didn't need them so then sent  
them to the fire pit and then picked up the scrap that remained.

Did all cars get M-25 or similar brake valves, like those on a Birney  
car, that had the doors incorporated into the valve?   No, because in  
this state that wasn't part of the law.   So you also did not need  
that part of the emergency valve that was connected to the emergency  
part of the brake valve.   Any valve worked.

I suspect that, without even reading the PUC order, that back up  
controls were exempt.   Why?   Because 3756 does not have a deadman  
on the back up controller.   Logically, back up controls were used  
only for switching moves when no one but employees were on the car.    
Another clue is Art's statement that you could back a 3800 by hooking  
the deadman down on a those cars.   Ah, two different types of back  
up controllers.   The one on 3756 has all 10 points connected to the  
resistors ... you notch through points 1 to 5 in series and 6-10 in  
parallel.   Of course only a fool is going to back pole a car at 40  
mph, but you could do it.   But he has told us (and you need to  
interpret from his statements) that the back up controller on a 3800  
was nothing more than an on-off switch.   You hooked the dead-man  
down up front and then turned the controls on and off from the rear.   
Go see the single-end Snelling Shops built wooden car that the  
Minneapolis Trolley Museums runs on their line at Lake Calhoun in  
Minneapolis in the summer months and you can watch a similar scheme  
being used.

What I say next has been here before.   One of the more curious  
installations was the one on West Penn 280s and 700s (and 212 and  
204).   West Penn told the PUC that it was impossible on their cars  
because they had no air and the PUC told West Penn to figure a way  
and do it anyway.   The result was a small electric motor mounted  
under the front of the car with a right angle drive to the bottom of  
the controller shaft.   If you took your hand off the button on their  
controllers, it notched them back through back to the full brake  
position.   Of course someone on the car needed to have the presence  
of mind to wind up the hand brake or the car was still going to run  
away at 10 mph if it was on a grade.

Donora Wye was a lovely example of PRC doing things on the cheap.    
It was only a wye coming from Pittsburgh but a loop from the south.    
Why tear up the street and put in two more switches if you are only  
going to use it for one Riverview tripper in the afternoon?   Let the  
operator make enough noise with the gong and hope no one gets in the  
way!!!!!!!!   Perhaps they used the Donora local motorman because at  
that time of the day the Donora cars were extended through  
Monongahela to Riverview loop.

Pittsburgh was no averse to backing PCC cars into our out of wyes.    
Remember, they did it all they time at Dormont until 42 and 38 were  
combined in 1963 and they did it for eons at Wilmerding until a loop  
was finally built for 87 cars.   I can't find that in the route cards  
because it was after World War II ... the wye was still used when my  
mentor in this hobby, John Seibert, photographed a 4800 in it in  
1949.    St. Louis Public Service wyed the PCCs at the end of the  
University-Clayton line in Clayton, Missouri, until that line was  
abandoned circa 1963, but, in deference to them, that wye was on  
private right-of-way a block from the nearest city street and across  
a private bridge from the nearest street.

Professionalism?   Every company has its idiots.   If you have 3000  
or 4000 employees, even 5% duds is 150 to 200 people.   We all know  
those stories.   I love the one about keeping the girl friend warm.    
I've run a McKinney Avenue car the whole length of the line in Dallas  
on a Sunday evening and so has Ed Lybarger.   I've run a Toronto Witt  
on the streets and 1707 in Pittsburgh on 38-A and on route 56.   I've  
motored a Silverliner on the Pennsy mainline all the way from  
Harrisburg to Lancaster on evening on the way home from work (in that  
case the engineman has since retired).

Donald Duke, the man who owns Golden West Books, had a lovely  
story.   Turns out that A. O. Smith, the president of Pacific  
Electric was a card playing buddy of Don's father, Norman Duke.   One  
night when Smith was over at the house in San Marino, he asked Duke,  
"Do you know what Donny has been doing in the evenings?"   Well it  
turns out that Smith got onto a Glendora local one night and inquired  
who was running the car?   Seems that both the motorman and the  
conductor were back in the car.   The motorman was studying for his  
college courses.   Don knew that and took advantage.   Every night we  
would go up to meet that car after dinner and spell the motorman and  
make a round trip to the end of the line on an 1100.

I guess that was no different that me spending my evenings in the  
summer of 1957 in CORK interlocking plant in Lancaster pulling  
levers.   Or in the 1960s, when I was in college and had a part-time  
job with Sears, I remember going with one of the sales people over to  
the Conestoga bus garage afterwards.   That man had a part-time job  
on the fuel rack.   He would fuel buses and then I would drive them  
into the garage and park them and walk back for the next one.       
Tom Meridith never had a clue.

But I think most of us in the trolley museums today had someone out  
there who favored us!



On May 10, 2008, at 4:44 PM, Phillip Clark Campbell wrote:

>> ----- Original Message ----
>> From: Fred Schneider <fwschneider at comcast.net>
>>
>
>
>> Here is the reply from Art Ellis on back up controls on Pittsburgh
>> interurban cars:
>
>
>
>>> The 3700 and  3800  cars  both had  backup controls.    The
>>> 3700's   could  be  used  directly,  like  on  3756.
>>>
>>> On  the  3800's  one  had  to  tie  down  the  deadman  handle
>>> with  a  wire  hook  (furnished).
>>
>
> This begs some questions doesn't it but I recognize since much of
> the info about back up controllers is new to all of us that answers to
> these questions will be elusive at best:
>
> Just guessing that the 'front' deadman  (as same apparently didn't  
> exist in the rear)  was tied down when using rear controls on 38s.
>
> When did deadman controls appear on trolleys?
>
> I was under the impression that one set of handles were available  
> for each trolley and were moved from end to end on DE equipment.   
> Special configurations on these handles prevented someone from  
> using a stick or pole to operate from the 'rear' end.  This same  
> method could be used for simple rear controllers and apparently was  
> on the 3750s and possibly the Brills as well.
>
> Why the difference with the 38s?
>
> Were problems experienced with the 3750s that prompted this change?
>
> In reference to braking I have heard the term 'self-lapping' which  
> is apparently easier to use isn't it; this prevents the lurch on  
> the final stop.  What does the term 'self-lapping' actually mean?
>
> PRC operators told me that on 10 and 11 series PCCs they were to  
> release the brake and reapply just before the final stop to prevent  
> lurching.  Didn't they have self-lapping brakes?  This was not true  
> of subsequent orders of PCCs; 12s had spring applied brakes of  
> course but 14s and 15s had wheel brake shoes didn't they.  The 16s  
> were delivered with drums and it would seem that the smaller  
> surface area available for braking and high rpm relative to wheel  
> brake shoes would over ride concerns of lurching.
>
>>>
>>> During  the  War  (THAT  one)  I  was  on  a  3800  on  its  way
>>> to  Pittsburgh  from  Roscoe  when  a  young  sailor  told  the
>>> following:   A  year  earlier,  when  he  was  still  in  high
>>> school,  a  group  of  kids  were  congregated  in  the  back  of
>>> the  car  while  riding  from  Charleroi  to  Mon  City  to  go
>>> rollerskating.   As  they  were  rolling  down  the  hill  into
>>> Black  Diamond,   they  were  surprised  to  see   the  operator
>>> standing  among  them.,
>>> After  gasps,  they  asked  why   he  was  there.   "Oh,  you
>>> seemed  to  be  enjoying  yourselves,  so I  thought  I'd  come
>>> back  and  join  you."     Fortunately,  his  stay was  brief,
>>> and  obviously  he  had  the   car  under  control  by  the  time
>>> they  reached  the  bottom  of  the  hill.
>
> Pardon the observation but it was a sailor so this sounds like a '  
> sea story' doesn't it.  You mentioned that there was a high degree  
> of professionalism among staff and management; while there was  
> animosity with the unions the operators were highly professional as  
> well weren't they.  I was always very much impressed with this.   
> This story goes against that grain of professionalism.  Even  
> motormen are human so it is very possible.  I personally know  
> someone who claims to have worked the 44/48 owl with PCCs while the  
> motorman was keeping his girlfriend warm but I am a skeptic of that  
> as well.  It would seem highly logical to have supervisors at South  
> Hills for 24-hours; certainly there were roving supervisors all night.
>
>
>>>
>>> 3700 and 3800  cars  were  backed  out  of  Washington  terminal
>>> using  the  rear  controls.   (With  the advent  of  the  PCCs,  a
>>> local  operator  was  assigned  to  ride  shotgun  during  the
>>> backout  maneuver.)   When  local  service  was  discontinued,  the
>>> cars  looped  via  College St.,  avoiding  the  backup.
>>>
> Did anyone have experience at the Riverview wye?  Maybe a Donora  
> local would assist here.
>
>
> Phil
>
>
>
>>> While  I  have  ridden  Canonsburg  trippers  which  wyed  ,  I
>>> don't  remember  the  procedure  exactly.   I  suspect  that
>>> they   depended  on  the  operator  of  another  car  to
>>> assist.     During  special  events,  such  as  Washington Fair,
>>> street  supervision  was  provided.    I  don't  know,  but  I
>>> suspect  most  of  the  wyeing  at  Donora  was  done  in  the  two-
>>> man  days.
>>
>> So, until the PCC cars, all of the interurbans within memory of
>> anyone living today had back up controls.   That includes 3556,
>> 3700s, 3750s and 3800s.
>>>
>
>
>
>        
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